In the supermarket I am bewildered by the array
of shampoos. Is my hair normal, or dry? Do I need conditioner, or
‘frequent use’? Even in my usual brand there are six options, and
altogether there must be 100 different shampoos on sale. This is
consumer choice gone mad; we cannot need all these things.
Then I go to get my hair cut, and the stylist
tries to sell me ‘product’. Why are these slimy unguents called
‘product’? What I do know is that none of them can make my hair more
natural or more healthy – it is all natural and quite dead; so it can
never be healthy, let alone more healthy.
Nevertheless, hair holds a load of secrets, and
this Tuesday on BBC2 at 11.20 p.m. we learn – from his hair - all
about Beethoven’s life and death.
One evening in 1980 I sat in a car park in
Edinburgh listening to my good friend David Jones on the radio,
explaining what he thought had brought about the death of Napoleon
Bonaparte. After Waterloo, Napoleon had been exiled to the island of
St Helena in the south Atlantic, and there he died in 1821. Recent
examination of a lock of his hair showed an unusually large amount of
arsenic. Could he have been poisoned?
Well, some people accumulate arsenic naturally,
but there seemed to be too much for that in Napoleon’s hair; so
perhaps one of his cooks had been surreptitiously putting arsenic in
his curries, hoping he would not notice. But David suggested another
possibility; could the arsenic have come from his wallpaper? A popular
pigment at the time was Scheele’s Green, which contained a chemical
called copper arsenite. In the warm damp conditions mould could attack
this to release vapours containing arsenic, and Napoleon could have
been breathing it in without realizing.
So David posed the question, on the radio, did
anyone know what colour the wallpaper had been? Amazingly he was sent
a specimen of the actual wallpaper; it was bright green, and it did
contain arsenic. Was the case proven? No. Science is rarely as simple
as that; other experts believe he died of cancer, or of a rare
glandular disease called the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Nevertheless,
I prefer to believe in simple chemistry and my good friend Dr Jones; I
think Napoleon was poisoned by his wallpaper; the evidence is in his
hair.